基于理论解析方法的高真空羽流流动及红外辐射研究

高真空羽流指空间目标上火箭发动机在高真空环境工作时产生的燃气射流迅速膨胀扩散流动状态。这种急剧膨胀的羽流会对空间目标产生冲击、侵蚀,其产生的辐射特性已应用于空间目标的探测、识别。基于无碰撞的自由分子流理论模型对高真空羽流的流场进行了快速预测分析方法研究,获得了高真空羽流的膨胀、扩散分布特性,得到了符合认识的流动规律结果,在计算得到高真空羽流流动参数的基础上,采用佛奥特线型函数描述稀薄气体的展宽,结合逐线积分法+视在光线法计算得到高真空羽流的辐射特性。研究结果表明:高真空羽流的轮廓特性及扩散分布是由喷管出口的点源强度所决定的,点源强度越强,羽流扩散的越厉害,同时轴线上无量纲的密度、温度越高;喷管出口温度相同时,高真空羽流辐射强度随点源增加而增强;出口速度相同时,羽流辐射强度随点源增加而减小;在点源强度相同时,羽流辐射强度与推力正相关。     

平行光管杂散辐射对红外辐射定标影响的分析

利用黑体与平行光管组合是红外辐射定标的重要手段之一。然而,由于平行光管自身存在热辐射,会在系统探测器上形成杂散辐射噪声,如果不进行处理,将产生定标误差,影响定标精度。建立了平行光管杂散辐射理论模型,定量分析不同工作温度、不同表面发射率下镜面的杂散辐射,确定杂散辐射对红外辐射定标的影响。同时提出杂散辐射修正措施,消除平行光管杂散辐射对红外辐射定标的影响,提高红外辐射定标的精度。     

基于视频行场消隐期的大容量FLASH存储控制器

为克服传统大容量FLASH视频存储控制器时序设计复杂、缓存资源要求较高的缺点,设计了一种利用视频行场信号消隐期进行时序控制的FLASH视频存储控制器。该控制器基于FPGA时序设计,利用视频行场同步信号消隐期时间写入FLASH的读出和写入控制命令。由于无需缓存资源即可实现多级流水线的设计,提高了时序控制效率,简化了时序设计过程。基于Verilog硬件描述语言,设计了3级流水线和并行控制时序,数据达120 MB/s,实现了对2 048pixel×1 752pixel/15frames高速视频数据的实时存储与回放。仿真与实验结果均表明,系统时序设计正确,大容量FLASH阵列读写操作正常,可实现视频数据的采集、存储、回放等多种功能。     

基于路径提取的旋转模糊图像复原算法

安装在旋转平台上的成像传感器随着平台的高速旋转,其所成图像将产生严重的旋转模糊。针对旋转模糊图像模糊长度径向可变的特点,提出了一种基于路径提取的旋转模糊图像复原算法。主要是通过径向提取图像的模糊路径,求得各个路径上的模糊长度,将二维旋转模糊图像复原问题转化为一维的线性信号复原。仿真实验结果表明,相较于对数极坐标、最小二乘法复原算法,所用算法计算量小,复原效果明显。     

迁移学习在天基红外目标识别中的应用

星载红外传感器对飞行的火箭进行识别时,因为观测数据有限,一般属于小样本甚至单样本学习的分类问题.本文建立了一种以一维全卷积为主体结构的孪生神经网络,将多分类问题转化为比较相似度的验证问题;并利用UCR时间序列数据集的预训练权重,对孪生神经网络的卷积特征提取部分进行知识迁移,最后使用公开文献中火箭红外辐射强度序列数据对网...     

Suppressed grain growth and enhanced irradiation resistance of nano-grained waste form under electronic energy loss

The effects of both nuclear energy loss and electronic energy loss need to be taken into consideration in the ceramic-based waste forms under repository environment. However, the irradiation responses of ceramic-based waste forms to each type of energy loss are somewhat different. In this study, the microstructure evolutions of ultrafine nano and micro Gd₂Zr₂O₇-based waste forms were systematically studied under predominant electronic energy loss simulated by multi-energy He⁺ irradiation, and compared to those under predominant nuclear energy loss. The results reveal that the fewer He bubble chains, ribbon-like He bubbles and smaller microcracks were observed in the irradiated nano-grained sample. Additionally, nano-grained sample displayed a lower degree of amorphization and higher atomic order compared to micro-grained samples when subjected to predominant electronic energy loss. Moreover, the irradiation dominated by nuclear energy loss can easily induce the grain growth of nano-grained Gd₂Zr₂O₇-based waste form, but in the present study this phenomenon was not observed under multi-energy He⁺ irradiation. Consequently, under predominant electronic energy loss, the thermodynamic instability and driving force for grain growth due to excess surface energy in the ultrafine nano sample can be suppressed. As a result, the sample demonstrated enhanced irradiation resistance due to the more efficient absorption and elimination of defects at grain boundaries induced by electronic excitation. We elucidated that enhanced irradiation resistance of the waste forms by tailoring the grain size requires the consideration of the effects of electronic energy loss and nuclear energy loss, which can provide guidance for the design and optimization of highly irradiation-resistant nuclear waste forms.     

Synthesis and characterization of a novel multifunctional magnetic bioceramic nanocomposite

An emerging approach in tissue engineering, especially in cases where large bone cavities remain unfilled after tumor removal, is the implementation of bioceramic scaffolds with magnetic properties for bone augmentation. The fabrication of bioactive porous scaffolds with adequate mechanical characteristics and sufficient porosity represents to assist bone regeneration. one of the most important difficulties in tissue engineering. The final goal is, the in situ apatite formation, a synergistic result of bioceramics, and stem cell activation/differentiation to promote bone regeneration via magnetically driven osteogenic lineage. This study focuses on the development of a novel multifunctional three-dimensional scaffold with certain physicochemical and biological features, addressing diverse difficult issues, such as bioactivity and biocompatibility, as well as bone tissue malignancies. The synthetic approach initiates with the synthesis of CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (NP), followed by the fabrication of Mg₂SiO₄–CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposite (NC), employing a two-pot sol-gel synthesis method. Finally, three-dimensional scaffolds (MS) are fabricated via the polymer foam replica technique. X-Ray Diffraction, Thermogravimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, reveal the occurrence of the constituent materials (forsterite: Mg₂SiO₄ and cobalt iron oxide). Static magnetic characterization at each fabrication stage outlines the collective magnetic features while magnetic particle hyperthermia highlights the heating efficiency quantified as specific loss power (SLP) and specific absorption rate (SAR) in W·g⁻¹ (NP: 19 - 43 °C in 100 s, SLP = 450 W g⁻¹, NC: SLP = 200 W g⁻¹, SAR= 1,07 W g⁻¹). This opens promising pathways in bone tissue regeneration cancer treatments combined with targeted delivery of active/pharmaceutical substances and magnetic hyperthermia.     

Core–shell spherical graphite@SiC attenuating agent for AlN-based microwave attenuating ceramics with high–efficiency thermal conduction and microwave absorption abilities

A core–shell structured spherical graphite (SG)@SiC attenuating agent with a tunable silicon carbide (SiC) shell thickness was synthesized via in-situ solid-liquid reaction of SG and Si. Then, fully dense 10 wt%SG@SiC/AlN microwave attenuating composite ceramics were prepared through hot-pressing sintering, and the morphology of SG@SiC particle was well maintained. By moderately modulating the thickness of the SiC shell with relatively low complex permittivity and thermal conductivity, an effectively inhibited solid solution of SiC into AlN, weakened dipole and electron polarization, enhanced conduction loss, and an improved impedance matching, thermal conductivity and microwave loss capacity were simultaneously achieved. Thus, the SG@SiC/AlN composite exhibit excellent and impressive thermal conductivity of 63.92 W m⁻¹·K⁻¹ and minimum reflection loss of −34.2 dB. The outstanding performance of SG@SiC/AlN composite indicates that the composite is promising microwave attenuating ceramic with excellent thermal conduction and microwave absorption ability. This work opens up a new core–shell structure strategy for designing and developing a high-efficiency attenuating agent and microwave attenuating ceramic.     

Embedded SiO2 interface in SiCnws/Ba0.75Sr0.25Al2Si2O8 ceramic with enhanced electromagnetic absorption at elevated temperature

For high-temperature electromagnetic absorption materials, higher polarization loss is needed to balance the impedance mismatch due to greater conduction loss at elevated temperatures. Here, a SiO₂ interface was introduced into a SiCnws/BSAS ceramic based on wide bandgap and low dielectric constant characteristics of SiO₂. The interface structure was tailored by changing the SiO₂ content. When the SiO₂ content reached 15 vol%, three-phase interlaced interfaces were formed, which produced many nano-heterointerfaces that increased the polarization loss by 77.5 %. The optimized SiCnws/SiO₂-BSAS ceramic achieved enhanced electromagnetic absorption from 298 K to 873 K, and its effective absorption bandwidth reached 4.1 GHz at 873 K. The electromagnetic absorption mechanism was analyzed from the perspectives of electron transport and space charges. This heterointerface design strategy provides a new method for the development of high-temperature electromagnetic absorption materials.